Tarihin Gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto
Jihar Sokoto tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Najeriya dake da tarihin shugabanci mai kayatarwa – daga lokutan soja har zuwa mulkin farar hula. Wannan rubutu zai yi nazari mai zurfi kan tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto, yana nuna waɗanda suka jagoranci jihar, irin rawar da suka taka, da yadda tsarin mulki da siyasa suka canza a jihar. Za mu fara da asalin jihar, sannan mu bi gwamnonin a jerin lokaci.
Gabatarwa: Asalin Jihar Sokoto da Dalilin Rijistar Mulki
Jihar Sokoto (Hausa: Jihar Sakkwato) tana a arewacin Najeriya, kuma tana da babban tarihi a tsarin mulki da kuma ikon siyasa, kasancewarta ɗayan cibiyoyin koyarwar musulunci da al’adu a Najeriya.
Jihar ta samu cikakken matsayin ta ne bayan yankin “North-Western State” ya rabu, inda aka kirkiro jihar a ranar 3 Fabrairu 1976 lokacin da ƙaramin yanki ya zama sabuwar jiha.
Daga lokacin, jihar ta samu jerin gwamnonin soja da farar hula, waɗanda suka jagoranta ta fuskantar ƙalubale daban-daban na siyasa, tattalin arziki, al’adu da tsaro. Don haka, nazari kan tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto ya zama muhimmin abu ga duk mai son fahimtar al’amuran jihar.
Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto da Rawar Su
Ga jerin wasu daga cikin manyan gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto tun daga kafa ta, tare da ɗan bayani kan muhimman abubuwa da suka yi musu fice.
1. Sojoji a Farko: Mulkin Soja da Saita Sabuwar Jihar
- Umaru Mohammed — Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara mulki bayan kirkiro Jihar Sokoto a 1976.
- Gado Nasko — Ya gaji Umaru Mohammed, ya ci gaba da mulkin soja a jihar daga 1978 zuwa 1979.
Wannan zamanin na mulkin soja ya kasance yana da kalubale: gwamnoni suna da ƙaramin ikon zartarwa sabanin na farar hula, kuma ya kasance lokaci na canje-canje a tsarin jiha da aiwatar da ayyuka. Misali, a wannan lokacin ne aka fara tsara wasu manyan ayyuka, da kuma kafa wasu sabbin hukumomi.
2. Fara Mulkin Farar Hula: Shehu Kangiwa da Garba Nadama
- Shehu Kangiwa — Ya zama gwamnan farar hula na farko a Jihar Sokoto: daga Oktoba 1979 zuwa Nuwamba 1981.
Ya shahara saboda kokarinsa wajen samar da ruwa, inganta lafiya da ilimi, da kuma ƙara yawan ƙananan hukumomi a jihar (Local Government Areas). - Garba Nadama — Ya gaji Shehu Kangiwa, daga 1982 zuwa Disamba 1983.
Ya fuskanci ƙalubale na tattalin arziki da siyasa, kasancewar mulkin farar hula a lokacin ya samu turjiya daga yanayin ƙasa baki ɗaya.
3. Lokacin Soja Sake: 1983–1999
A bayan juyin mulki na 1983 da ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin farar hula a Najeriya, Jihar Sokoto ta koma ƙarƙashin mulkin soja har zuwa 1999. Wasu daga cikin gwamnonin soja sun haɗa da:
- Garba Duba — Sojan shugaban mulki, ya shiga mulki a matsayin gwamna na soja don jihar.
- Garba Mohammed — Ya kasance soja kuma gwamna na Jihar Sokoto daga 1985 zuwa 1987.
- Ahmed Muhammad Daku — Soja kuma gwamna daga Disamba 1987 zuwa Agusta 1990.
- Bashir Salihi Magashi — Ya kasance gwamna daga Agusta 1990 zuwa Janairu 1992.
- Yahaya Abdulkarim — Farar hula ne wanda ya zama gwamna daga Janairu 1992 zuwa Nuwamba 1993.
- Yakubu Mu‘azu — Soja/Administrator daga Disamba 1993 zuwa Agusta 1996.
- Rasheed Adisa Raji — Administrator daga Agusta 1996 zuwa Agusta 1998.
- Rufai Garba — Administrator daga Agusta 1998 zuwa Mayu 1999.
A wannan zamanin ya kasance akwai sabon tsarin mulki, canje-canje a yankunan jiha (creation of new LGAs), da kuma gwagwarmaya da matsalolin tattalin arziki. Wannan ya shirya fage ga dawowar mulkin farar hula.
4. Mulkin Farar Hula: 1999 zuwa Yanzu
Bayan dawowar farar hula a Najeriya a 1999, Jihar Sokoto ta samu jerin gwamnonin farar hula waɗanda suka yi dogon mulki. Ga wasu muhimmai:
- Attahiru Dalhatu Bafarawa — Ya fara mulki daga 29 Mayu 1999 zuwa 29 Mayu 2007.
A lokacin mulkinsa, ya yi ƙoƙari a fannin ilimi, lafiya, da bunkasa tsarin ayyukan jiha. - Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko — Ya biyo baya daga 29 Mayu 2007 zuwa 28 Mayu 2015.
Ya ci gaba da ayyukan gwamnatin Bafarawa, tare da ƙoƙarin samar da sabbin hanyoyi, da daidaita al’amuran gwamnati. - Aminu Waziri Tambuwal — Ya hau kujerar gwamna daga 28 Mayu 2015 zuwa 29 Mayu 2023.
Ya samu nasarori musamman a fannin ilimi da bunkasa tattalin arzikin jiha, duk da kalubalen siyasa da tattalin arziki. - Ahmad Aliyu — Shi ne gwamnan yanzu (Yuni 2025) daga 29 Mayu 2023.
A karkashin mulkinsa, jihar ta samu wasu lambobin yabo saboda ci gaba da ayyukan raya kasa.
Nazari Mai Zurfi Kan Mafi Muhimman Gwamnonin
A nan za mu yi duba mai zurfi fiye ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwamnonin, musamman waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai wajen “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”.
Shehu Kangiwa – Matsayi da Tasiri
Shehu Kangiwa ya taka rawa ta musamman wajen “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”. Ya zama gwamna na farar hula na farko a jihar a lokacin mulkin na biyu (Second Republic) a daga Oktoba 1979 zuwa Nuwamba 1981.
Ya yi fice wajen samar da ruwa, lafiyayyen muhalli, ilimi da kuma ƙara yawan ƙananan hukumomi (Local Government Areas) daga 19 zuwa 32.
Sai dai kuma, lokacin mulkinsa ya fuskanci rikice-rikice, misali lokacin da aka yi zanga-zanga a kan aikin ban ruwa na Bakolori, sannan rundunar ‘yan sanda ta kashe mutane sama da 300.
A ƙarshe, Kangiwa ya mutu yayin wasa-polo a Nuwamba 1981. Wannan ya kawo kammala mulkinsa da kuma shigar Garba Nadama a matsayin gwamna.
Wannan lamari na kawo ƙarshen wani zamani ne a “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto” — inda mutum zai iya cewa ya bar gado mai nauyi ga wanda zai bi bayan sa.
Attahiru Dalhatu Bafarawa – Dogon Mulki da Ci Gaba
Attahiru Bafarawa ya kasance gwamna daga 1999 zuwa 2007, lokacin da Najeriya ta koma mulkin farar hula bayan shekaru da yawa na mulkin soja. Wannan ya sa wannan zamanin ya zama muhimmi a “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”.
A wannan lokacin, jihar ta samu damar bunkasa fannin ilimi, lafiya, tituna da sauran ayyukan more rayuwa. Haka kuma, an samu sabbin manufofi na tattalin arziki da haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnati da al’umma.
Sai dai ana kuma cewa akwai ƙalubale—kamar raguwar aiki ga matasa, matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kayan more rayuwa a wasu yankuna. Wannan yana nuna cewa mulkin gwamna ba tare da kalubale ba ne.
Danshi, ci gaban da ya samu ya sa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu tasiri wajen “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”.
Aminu Waziri Tambuwal – Sauyi da Rayuwa Mai Kyau
Aminu Waziri Tambuwal ya hau mulki daga 2015 zuwa 2023. Wannan ya sa shi zama gwamna wanda ya ɗaukaka matsayin mulki a zamani na zamani, yayin da jihar ke fuskantar sabbin kalubale kamar tattalin arziki mai rauni, matsalolin tsaro da kuma buƙatar inganta ilimi.
Ya yi manyan maye gurbi na ilimi da tabbatar da wasu sabbin ayyuka — misali inganta makarantu, kiwon lafiya da kuma hanyoyi. Haka kuma, ya samu nasarorin siyasa yayin zaɓuɓɓukan gubernator a 2015.
A cikin tsarin “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”, mulkinsa ya nuna yadda gwamna zai kasance mai haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnati da al’umma, da kuma yadda ya wajaba ga jihar ta fuskanci zamani na sabbin fasahohi da tsare-tsare.
Ahmad Aliyu – Sabon Zango
Ahmad Aliyu ya hau karagar mulki daga 29 Mayu 2023. Ya zo ne da sabon hangen nesa, yana mai cewa zai mayar da hankali kan ayyukan raya kasa, inganta tsaro, bunkasa ilimi da lafiya.
Kamar yadda rahotanni suka nuna, hukumar jarida ta ba shi lambar yabo a matsayin “Best Governor of the Year” saboda ayyukan da yake aiwatarwa a jihar.
A tsarin “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”, zamanin Ahmad Aliyu zai kasance wani sabon bangare — musamman saboda sauye-sauyen fasaha, sabbin fataucin gwamnati da kuma amfani da sabbin dabaru na raya kasa.
Mahimmanci da Tasirin “Tarihin Gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”
Dalilin da ya sa “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto” yake da matuƙar muhimmanci shine domin:
- Yana nuna yadda tsarin mulki ya canza: daga mulkin soja zuwa mulkin farar hula.
- Yana taimaka wa al’umma su fahimci yadda gwamnonin jihar suka taka rawa wajen bunkasa fannin ilimi, lafiya, harkokin tattalin arziki, hanyoyi da sauransu.
- Yana ƙarfafa tunani kan abin da ya yi nasara da abin da bai yi nasara ba, domin a yi amfani da darussa don gaba.
- Hakanan yana da amfani ga ɗalibai, masu bincike da fatauci na tarihin al’umma, musamman a jihar ta Arewa.
- Ya kasance hanya ta fahimtar yadda shugabanci a jihar ke shafar rayuwar al’umma, musamman a fannin “rayuwa mai kyau da ci gaba”.
Kalubale da Daro-Daro ga Shugabancin Jihar Sokoto
Ko da yake an samu nasarori da dama, akwai kuma ƙalubale masu yawa da suka bayyana a cikin “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”:
- Matsalolin tsaro: Duk da cewa gwamnoni sun yi ƙoƙari, amma har yanzu wasu yankuna suna fama da rashin tsaro, fasaɓar hanyoyi da sauran matsaloli.
- Tattalin arziki: Tattalin arzikin jihar yana ƙoƙari ya dawo da ƙarfinsa, musamman ma a fannin noma, aikin yi ga matasa da sauransu.
- Kayan more rayuwa: A wasu lokuta, ayyukan da aka yi bai isa ba, ko kuma an yi yawan alkawura ba tare da cikawa ba.
- Siyasa da sauye-sauye: Zamanin mulkin soja ya bar gado mai nauyi; sauye-sauye a siyasa suna zuwa da tasiri kan yadda gwamnoni ke gudanarwa.
- Gudanarwa da gaskiya: A wasu lokuta an samu korafe-korafe game da gaskiya, amana da yadda ake raba albarkatun jiha — wani ɓangare ne da ya shafi “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto”.
Abubuwan Da Za Su Iya Koyi daga Tarihin
Daga ga “tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto” akwai darussa da dama waɗanda za su iya amfani ga shugabanni, al’umma, da ɗalibai. Waɗannan su ne kaɗan daga ciki:
- Muhimmancin ahalin shugaba da zama mai sauraron talakawa: Gwamnan da ya fahimci bukatun al’umma yakan fi yi nasara.
- Bukatar tsare-tsare masu ɗorewa: Ayyukan da aka fara dole ne su kasance da tsari mai zurfi domin su dore.
- Haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnati da al’umma: Lokacin da al’umma ta ji ana tafiyar da jiha tare da su, sakamakon ya fi kyau.
- Ingantaccen tsarin mulki: Tare da sauye-sauye a tsarin ƙasa, gwamnoni su san yadda za su dace da zamani.
- Nazarin abin da ya yi nasara da abin da bai yi nasara ba: Tarihi na gwamnonin jihar ya samar da darussa ga gaba.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, wannan rubutu ya yi dukan kokarin ya bayyana tarihin gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto — daga kafa jihar har zuwa zamanin yanzu. Mun ga yadda sojoji da farar hula suka jagoranta jihar; mun fahimci yadda gwamnonin suka bambanta; mun kuma fahimci yadda jihar ke ƙoƙari ta tashi daga ƙalubale zuwa ci gaba.
Idan har za ka ɗora wannan rubutu a blog ɗinka, zai zama muhimmin abu ga masu neman fahimtar tarihin siyasa da shugabanci a Arewa, musamman a jihar Sokoto.